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Reconstruction and Memorial Day

After the war white Richmonders, sought comfort within the confines of reconstruction. With little or no money at hand, they tried to regain their composure any way they could. Many citizens turned their attention towards Hollywood.

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Bill of Rights

The notion of the Bill of Rights is the great protector of the American individual rights is a modern idea, not part of our Constitutional history.

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Our Relationship to the Constitution

As John Marshall once put it in a case, the Constitution is meant to survive the crises of generations, to survive over time. Now to do that requires interpretation. Many of the Constitution’s most important phrases are really quite general. Due process of law. Equal protection of the law. Cruel and unusual punishment. These, these are not self-explanatory words.

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Declaration of War

Committing the armed forces to potential injury and to killing others as well is the most critical decision a president or a country can ever make.

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Constitutional Convention

34 states, under our current system of 50 states, can request that the Congress call a Constitutional Convention. Congress has no leeway. It must call a Constitutional Convention. And it really has no role in that Constitutional Convention. That’s up to the states.

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Introduction to Questioning the Constitution

The United States Constitution is looked at as the gold standard, by not only people here, but also by people throughout the world who are trying to get their governments in place.

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Amendments

The United States has the most difficult to amend constitution in the entire world. People might remember that it takes two-thirds of each house of Congress and three-quarters of the states. This means that in order to win what I call the amendment game, you have to get 67 votes in the Senate, whatever two-thirds of 435 is in the House plus a minimum of 75 state legislative houses. That’s if you want to change the Constitution.

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Prior to the Constitution

Prior to the Constitution, the newly free colonies were a country in disarray. Foreign predators were hanging out, waiting for the new country to fall apart: France, England, Spain. It was insanity. Washington, Madison, Hamilton, Jefferson all bemoaned the possibility of maintaining a nation.

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Constitutional Law

The delegates of Philadelphia were statesmen. They understood the needs of the nation. But they also had to take the package back to their respective states and sell it.

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Civil Rights Movement

"We are disinherited of this land. We who have been oppressed so long, are tired of going through the long night of captivity. Now we are reaching out for the daybreak of freedom and justice and equality." - Martin Luther King Jr.

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