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Gilbert Stuart II

In 1793 after eighteen years abroad, prominent portraitist Gilbert Stuart returned to America. There he painted perhaps the most well known American portrait.

Grades 6-8 | 9-12
History-Social Science
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Mexico V: Expulsion of Jesuits From Spanish America

Following the Spanish invasion and conquest, the Roman Catholic Order of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, were a powerful and sometimes intrusive force for education and evangelism in Mexico.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Gilbert Stuart I

Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington that appears on the one-dollar bill was, ironically, an unfinished portrait. But through numerous reproductions, it has become an American icon.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Cardinal Richelieu

Elevated in 1624, Cardinal Richelieu was the real ruler of France and, more than any king, helped establish the French monarchy as absolute.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Madame Geoffrin

In the Paris of the 1700s, leading figures of the French Enlightenment would gather to discuss important topics of the day in the salon of Madame Geoffrin.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Science Matters: The Guillotine

One of the most fearsome and famous methods of capital punishment was actually developed as a more humane and democratic way of execution. It is named for an obscure member of the French National Assembly, a young physician, Joseph-Ignace Guillotine.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Samuel Johnson: Enlightenment in England

Samuel Johnson lived during the European Enlightenment and therefore believed that ideas should be expressed freely. He once said, “The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.”

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Plains of Abraham, Quebec

The Plains of Abraham were located in an abandoned farmer’s field that lay between Quebec City and bluffs that rise 200 feet above the St. Lawrence River. There in September 1759 Britain cemented its colonial control over North America.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Amiens Peace Treaty

On March 27, 1802, the Treaty of Amiens, named for a town in northern France, brought hostilities between Britain and France to an halt, but as it turned out, the halt would only be only too brief.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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Battle of Flodden Field II

When King James IV of Scotland invaded England in 1513, the campaign became one of the great military disasters in Scottish history. James lost more than his kingdom.

Grades 9-12
History-Social Science
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